Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Volume 209, Issue 5 , Pages 645-652 , November 2009

Gastrointestinal Malignancies: When Does Race Matter?

  • Timothy L. Fitzgerald, MD, FACS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence address: Timothy L Fitzgerald, MD, 600 Moye Blvd, 4S-20, Greenville, NC 27834
    • ,
  • Cathy J. Bradley, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Administration and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
    • ,
  • Bassam Dahman, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Quality Health Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
    • ,
  • Emmanuel E. Zervos, MD, FACS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC

Received 12 May 2009 ,Revised 7 August 2009 ,Accepted 11 August 2009.

References 

  1. American Cancer Society. Facts and figures. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society Inc; 2007;http://www.cancer.downloads/STT/CAFF2007PWsecured.pdfAccessed October 8, 2009
  2. Warden E, Ahmedin J, Cokkinides V, et al. Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and associated economic status. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54:78–93
  3. Steyerberg EW, Earle CC, Nedille BA, et al. Racial differences in surgical evaluation, treatment and outcome of local regional esophageal cancer: A population-based analysis of elderly patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005;21:510–517
  4. Du X, Meyer TE, Franzini L. Metaanalysis of racial disparities in survival in association with socioeconomic status among men and women with colon cancer. Cancer. 2007;15:2161–2170
  5. Eloubeidi MA, Desmond RA, Wilcox CM, et al. Prognostic factors for survival in pancreatic cancer: A population-based study. Am J Surg. 2006;192:322–329
  6. Natarajan N, Shuster TD. New agents, combinations, and opportunities in the treatment of advanced and early-stage colon cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2006;86:1023–1043
  7. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1977–1981
  8. Douveni CA, Field CS, Buist DSM, et al. Racial differences in tumor stage and survival for patients with colorectal cancer in an insured population. Cancer. 2007;109:612–620
  9. Chen W, Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Wickerheim D, et al. Aggressiveness of colorectal carcinoma in blacks and whites. Cancer Epidemiol Bio Markers and Prev. 1997;6:1087–1093
  10. Ananthakrishnan AN, Schellhase KG, Sparapani RA, et al. Disparities in colon cancer screening in the Medicaid population. Arch Inter Med. 2007;167:258–264
  11. Cooper GS, Koroukian SM. Racial disparities in the use of and indications for colorectal procedures in Medicare beneficiaries. Cancer. 2004;110:418–424
  12. Shokr NK, Carlson CA, Weller SC. Prevalence of colorectal cancer testing and screening in multiethnic primary care population. J Community Health. 2007;32:311–323
  13. Mayberry RM, Coates RJ, Hill AJ, et al. Determinants of black/white differences in colon cancer survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1686–1693
  14. Rogers SO, Ray WA, Smalley WE. A population-based study of survival among elderly patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States: Does race matter if all are insured?. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15:193–199
  15. Lau M, Lee A, El-Serag HB. Noncardiac gastric adenocarcinoma remains an important and deadly cancer in the United States: Secular trends in incidents and survival. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:2485–2492
  16. Zel JA, Ree JM, Ziogas A, et al. Race, socioeconomic status, treatment and survival time among pancreatic cancer cases in California. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:546–552
  17. Virnig BA, Baxter NN, Habermann EB, et al. A matter of race: Early versus late stage cancer diagnosis. Health Aff. 2009;28:160–168
  18. Lem JE, Chien MW, Earle CC. Prognostic factors following curative resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A population-based, length database analysis of 396 patients. Ann Surg. 2003;237:74–85
  19. Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9 CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:613–619
  20. Klabunde CN, Potosky AL, Legler JM, Warren JL. Development of a comorbidity index using physician claims data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53:1258–1267
  21. Chang KJ, Parasher G, Christe C, et al. Risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Disparities between African-Americans and other race/ethnic groups. Cancer. 2005;104:2530–2531
  22. Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, et al. Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54:78–93
  23. Clegg L, Li F, Hankey B, et al. Cancer survival among US whites and minorities. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1985–1993
  24. Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry CP, et al. A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:653–657
  25. Du X, Fang S, Vervon SW, et al. Racial disparities and social economic status with survival in a large population-based cohort of elderly patients with colon cancer. Cancer. 2007;110:660–669
  26. Baquet CR, Commiskey P, Mack K, et al. Esophageal cancer epidemiology in blacks and whites: Racial and gender disparity, the incidence of mortality, survival rates, and histology. J Natl Med Association. 2005;97:1471–1478
  27. Younes M, Henson DE, Ertan A, et al. Incidence and survival trends of esophageal carcinoma in the United States: Racial and gender differences by histologic type. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;12:1359–1365
  28. Miller JA, Rege RV, Cull CY, et al. Health care access and poverty have not explained higher esophageal cancer mortality rates in African Americans. Am J Surg. 2004;188:22–26
  29. Bradley CJ, Given CW, Dahman B, Fitzgerald T. Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection in elderly Medicare and Medicaid patients with colon cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:521–529
  30. Cress RD, Yin D, Clarke L, et al. Survival among patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: A population-based study (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 2006;17:403–409
  31. Blustein J. Who is accountable for racial equity in health care?. JAMA. 2008;299:814–816
  32. Betancourt J, Maina A. The Institute of Medicine report “Unequal Treatment”: Implications for academic health centers. Mount Sinai J Med. 2004;71:314–321
  33. Beach M, Gary T, Price E, et al. Improving health care quality for racial/ethnic minorities: A systematic review of the best evidence regarding provider and organization interventions. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:104
  34. Fejerman L, Ziv E. Population differences in breast cancer severity. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9:323–333
  35. Demicheli R, Retsky M, Hrushesky W, et al. Racial disparities in breast cancer outcome: Insights into host-tumor interactions. Cancer. 2007;110:1880–1888

 Disclosure Information: Nothing to disclose.

 This research was supported by National Cancer Institute grant, R01-CA101835-01 In-Depth Examination of Disparities in Cancer Outcomes, Cathy J Bradley, Principal Investigator.

PII: S1072-7515(09)01216-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.08.007

Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Volume 209, Issue 5 , Pages 645-652 , November 2009

Article Tools