Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Volume 209, Issue 4 , Pages 531-539 , October 2009

Brain Tissue Lactate Elevations Predict Episodes of Intracranial Hypertension in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Alexios A. Adamides, BMedSci, BMBS, MRCS(Ed)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    • National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence address: Dr Alexios A Adamides, Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
  • ,
  • Franklin L. Rosenfeldt, MD, FRACS

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Craig D. Winter, FRCS(SN)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Naomi M. Pratt, RN

      Affiliations

    • National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Nicholas J. Tippett, RN

      Affiliations

    • National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Philip M. Lewis, BAppSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Michael J. Bailey, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • D. James Cooper, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Critical Care, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    • National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
  • ,
  • Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, MD, FRACS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

Received 2 May 2009 ,Accepted 13 May 2009.

References 

  1. Miller JD, Becker DP, Ward JD, et al. Significance of intracranial hypertension in severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1977;47:503–516
  2. Miller JD, Butterworth JF, Gudeman SK, et al. Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:289–299
  3. Marmarou A, Anderson RL, Ward JD, et al. Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:S59–S66
  4. Marshall LF, Eisenberg HM, Jane JA, et al. The outcome of severe closed head injury. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:S28–S36
  5. Rozsa L, Grote EH, Egan P. Traumatic brain swelling studied by computerized tomography and densitometry. Neurosurg Rev. 1989;12:133–140
  6. Marmarou A, Fatouros PP, Barzo P, et al. Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:183–193
  7. Hutchinson PJ, O'Connell MT, Al-Rawi PG, et al. Clinical cerebral microdialysis: a methodological study. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:37–43
  8. Stahl N, Mellergard P, Hallstrom A, et al. Intracerebral microdialysis and bedside biochemical analysis in patients with fatal traumatic brain lesions. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45:977–985
  9. Reinstrup P, Stahl N, Mellergard P, et al. Intracerebral microdialysis in clinical practice: baseline values for chemical markers during wakefulness, anesthesia, and neurosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2000;47:701–709
  10. Marmarou A. The pathophysiology of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71(Suppl 1):S6–S8
  11. Sarrafzadeh AS, Sakowitz OW, Kiening KL, et al. Bedside microdialysis: a tool to monitor cerebral metabolism in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients?. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:1062–1070
  12. Skjoth-Rasmussen J, Schulz M, Kristensen SR, Bjerre P. Delayed neurological deficits detected by an ischemic pattern in the extracellular cerebral metabolites in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:8–15
  13. Smith M, Belli T, Sen J, et al. Prediction of secondary brain injury during neurocritical care: the role of cerebral microdialysis. In:  Klaus S,  Bahlmann L editor. Microdialysis-Monitoring tissue chemistry in intensive care medicine. Lengerich: Science Publishers; 2004;p. 45–55
  14. Peerdeman SM, Girbes AR, Polderman KH, Vandertop WP. Changes in cerebral interstitial glycerol concentration in head-injured patients; correlation with secondary events. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:1825–1828
  15. Verweij BH, Muizelaar JP, Vinas FC, et al. Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury in humans. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:815–820
  16. Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ. Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:10625–10629
  17. Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ. Food for thought: challenging the dogmas. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003;23:1282–1286
  18. Persson L, Hillered L. Chemical monitoring of neurosurgical intensive care patients using intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurosurg. 1992;76:72–80
  19. Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hattori N, et al. Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005;25:763–774
  20. Doppenberg EM, Reinert M, Zauner A, et al. Determinants of cerebral extracellular potassium after severe human head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1999;75:31–34
  21. Reinert M, Khaldi A, Zauner A, et al. High level of extracellular potassium and its correlates after severe head injury: relationship to high intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:800–807
  22. Valadka AB, Goodman JC, Gopinath SP, et al. Comparison of brain tissue oxygen tension to microdialysis-based measures of cerebral ischemia in fatally head-injured humans. J Neurotrauma. 1998;15:509–519
  23. Hillered L, Valtysson J, Enblad P, Persson L. Interstitial glycerol as a marker for membrane phospholipid degradation in the acutely injured human brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64:486–491
  24. Marklund N, Salci K, Lewen A, Hillered L. Glycerol as a marker for post-traumatic membrane phospholipid degradation in rat brain. Neuroreport. 1997;8:1457–1461
  25. Nguyen NH, Brathe A, Hassel B. Neuronal uptake and metabolism of glycerol and the neuronal expression of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Neurochem. 2003;85:831–842
  26. Goodman JC, Valadka AB, Gopinath SP, et al. Extracellular lactate and glucose alterations in the brain after head injury measured by microdialysis. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1965–1973
  27. Clausen T, Khaldi A, Zauner A, et al. Cerebral acid-base homeostasis after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2005;103:597–607
  28. Engstrom M, Polito A, Reinstrup P, et al. Intracerebral microdialysis in severe brain trauma: the importance of catheter location. J Neurosurg. 2005;102:460–469
  29. Marshall LF, Eisenberg HM, Jane JA, et al. A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:S14–S27

 Disclosure Information: Nothing to disclose.

 Dr Alexios A Adamides was funded by a Victorian Trauma Foundation best practice grant.

PII: S1072-7515(09)00556-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.05.028

Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Volume 209, Issue 4 , Pages 531-539 , October 2009